Die Geschichte der Kältegeräte/en: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „In the mid-1960s, the design of refrigeration appliances became more and more similar to the rest of the kitchen. The sales argument as a prestige object fell away, and the original arguments - avoidance of food waste and improved quality of life - came to the fore again. Simply preserving food, however, was no longer enough. In the 1970s and 1980s, technologies such as special temperature and climate zones for different foods and 0° fresh storage emerge…“
(Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „WorkInProgress:The history of cooling appliances“)
(Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „In the mid-1960s, the design of refrigeration appliances became more and more similar to the rest of the kitchen. The sales argument as a prestige object fell away, and the original arguments - avoidance of food waste and improved quality of life - came to the fore again. Simply preserving food, however, was no longer enough. In the 1970s and 1980s, technologies such as special temperature and climate zones for different foods and 0° fresh storage emerge…“)
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Two different modes of operation eventually prevailed in refrigeration appliances. So-called compressor refrigerators were and still are in most households. They have a high degree of efficiency and are therefore suitable for use in the home. Absorber refrigerators, on the other hand, operate completely without noise or vibration and are used especially in mobile homes or hotel rooms. At that time, the refrigerant used was ammonia, which was toxic, corrosive and foul-smelling. In the search for effective and less dangerous alternatives, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were discovered and soon used en masse as refrigerants.
Two different modes of operation eventually prevailed in refrigeration appliances. So-called compressor refrigerators were and still are in most households. They have a high degree of efficiency and are therefore suitable for use in the home. Absorber refrigerators, on the other hand, operate completely without noise or vibration and are used especially in mobile homes or hotel rooms. At that time, the refrigerant used was ammonia, which was toxic, corrosive and foul-smelling. In the search for effective and less dangerous alternatives, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were discovered and soon used en masse as refrigerants.


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In the 1950s, the refrigerator began to make its way into German households. The economic miracle ensured lavishly laid tables. The newly won prosperity was to be preserved, but also presented. Electric household appliances were just as much symbols of prosperity as well-stocked pantries. Advertising was no longer merely about the "fight against spoilage," as it had been in 1936. The expectation was raised of being able to entertain guests with a sumptuous meal at any time.<ref>Buck, Susanne: Kühlschränke, S. 181-183.</ref> To do this, it needed more space for more food. Constructors and designers turned their attention to the interior of the appliances. For the first time in the 1950s, the refrigerator door was designed as an additional storage space.
In den 1950er-Jahren begann der Kühlschrank sich in den deutschen Haushalten durchzusetzen. Das Wirtschaftswunder sorgte für üppig gedeckte Tische. Der neu gewonnene Wohlstand sollte erhalten, aber auch präsentiert werden. Elektrische Hausgeräte waren genauso Symbole des Wohlstands wie die gut gefüllten Vorratskammern. In der Werbung ging es nicht mehr bloß um den „Kampf gegen den Verderb“, wie es noch 1936 geheißen hatte. Es wurde die Erwartung geweckt, jederzeit Gäste mit einem üppigen Mahl bewirten zu können.<ref>Buck, Susanne: Kühlschränke, S. 181-183.</ref> Dafür brauchte es mehr Platz für mehr Lebensmittel. Die Konstrukteure und Designer wandten sich dem Innenraum der Geräte zu. Erstmals in den 1950er-Jahren wurde die Kühlschranktür als zusätzlicher Stauraum entworfen.
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BSH Cooling Appliances
==== BSH Kältegeräte ====
In 1967, Robert Bosch GmbH and Siemens AG merged their two household appliance divisions into a joint subsidiary, BSH. In order to exploit synergy effects as efficiently as possible, the manufacturing and sales structures of the two companies were streamlined and standardized. The former Bosch site in Giengen developed into a BSH site for refrigeration appliances. Refrigerators, freezers and refrigerator-freezer combinations of the Bosch and Siemens brands are still manufactured here today. In addition to the factory, a competence center dedicated to the research and development of refrigeration appliances was also established here.<ref>BSH Hausgeräte GmbH (Hrsg.): Der Standort Giengen – Innovative Kühltechnik für die ganze Welt. München, 2021, S. 11.</ref>
1967 vereinten die Robert Bosch GmbH und die Siemens AG ihre beiden Hausgerätesparten in einem gemeinsamen Tochterunternehmen, der BSH Hausgeräte GmbH. Um Synergieeffekte möglichst effizient zu nutzen, wurden die Fertigungs- und Vertriebsstrukturen der beiden Unternehmen bereinigt und vereinheitlicht. Der ehemalige Bosch-Standort in Giengen entwickelte sich zu einem BSH-Standort für Kältegeräte. Hier werden bis heute Kühlschränke, Gefriergeräte und Kühl-Gefrier-Kombinationen der Marken Bosch und Siemens hergestellt. Neben der Fabrik entstand hier auch ein Kompetenzzentrum, das sich der Forschung und Entwicklung von Kältegeräten verschrieben hat.<ref>BSH Hausgeräte GmbH (Hrsg.): Der Standort Giengen – Innovative Kühltechnik für die ganze Welt. München, 2021, S. 11.</ref>
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In the mid-1960s, the design of refrigeration appliances became more and more similar to the rest of the kitchen. The sales argument as a prestige object fell away, and the original arguments - avoidance of food waste and improved quality of life - came to the fore again. Simply preserving food, however, was no longer enough. In the 1970s and 1980s, technologies such as special temperature and climate zones for different foods and fresh storage emerged. At the same time, improved insulation made appliances increasingly energy efficient.<ref>Buck, Susanne: Kühlschränke, S. 181-182.</ref>
Mitte der 1960er-Jahre glichen sich die Kältegerate im Design immer mehr dem Rest der Küche an. Das Verkaufsargument als Prestigeobjekt fiel weg, die ursprünglichen Argumente – Vermeidung von Lebensmittelverschwendung und verbesserte Lebensqualität – traten wieder in den Vordergrund. Einfach nur Haltbarmachung war aber nicht mehr ausreichend. In den 1970er- und 1980er-Jahren entstanden Innovationen wie spezielle Temperatur- und Klimazonen für verschiedene Lebensmittel und -Frischelagerung. Gleichzeitig wurden die Geräte durch verbesserte Isolierungen immer energieeffizienter.<ref>Buck, Susanne: Kühlschränke, S. 181-182.</ref>
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